1, the structural factors of the cross universal joint

从该油嘴处用黄油枪是很难将黄油加注到滚针轴承上的。众所周知，黄油的粘度大，当用黄油枪从该油嘴向万向节十字轴滚针轴承内腔加注黄油时，黄油进入狭窄内腔油道时阻力加大，黄油压力升高顶开油嘴对面的减压阀而溢出。这个现象还会被驾驶员和修理人员误认为已经加满了黄油。而实际上黄油根本就没进入滚针之间。

It is difficult to pour butter onto needle roller bearings from grease gun. As we all know, the viscosity of the butter is large. When butter is added to the inner cavity of the pin bearing of the cardan cross shaft with a butter gun, the resistance increases when the butter enters the narrow inner cavity oil channel, and the pressure rises to top the pressure relief valve opposite the nozzle and spilt. This phenomenon is also mistaken for drivers and repairmen to have been filled with butter. In fact, butter did not enter the needle at all.

2、黄油本身的理化成份因素

2, the physicochemical composition factors of butter itself

有汽车维修人员把熔化的黄油注入十字万向节或而使其到达所规定的润滑部位。但由于黄油本身的特性也使该处达不到有效润滑。这是由于普通黄油的特性而导致的。其具体如下

There are vehicle maintenance personnel to melt melted butter into the cross joint or to reach the specified lubrication area. However, due to the characteristics of the butter itself, it can not achieve effective lubrication. This is due to the characteristics of ordinary butter. The details are as follows

①、万向节在工作中要承受很大的扭力和交变载荷，而钙基润滑脂的油膜坚韧程度较差，在轴承与轴颈的摩擦表面难以形成良好的油膜。

(1) a great deal of torsion and alternating load should be borne in the work, and the toughness of the calcium based grease is poor, and it is difficult to form a good oil film on the friction surface of the bearing and the journal.

②、万向节十字轴的滚针轴承在工作中只能原地转动，不能沿钢碗和十字轴颈旋转，而钙基润滑脂的滚动性很差，所以当油膜被破坏后不能立即形成新的油膜。

The needle bearing of the cross shaft of the universal joint can only rotate in its original work, and can not rotate along the steel bowl and the neck of the cross shaft, but the rolling property of the calcium base grease is very poor, so the new oil film can not be formed immediately after the oil film is destroyed.

③、钙基润滑脂是由滑油和钙皂混合而成的，在使用中由于润滑油的变质和蒸发，使滑脂变成了较硬的钙皂，钙皂本身不但不能起到润滑作用，而且还阻碍了滚针在轴颈上的滚动，加上万向节十字轴中又没有排油措施，变了质的润滑脂既不能排出，新油又很难注入，因而大大加速了万向节十字轴滚针轴承的磨损。

(3) the calcium base grease is made of a mixture of slippery oil and calcium soap. In use, the grease becomes a hard calcium soap because of the deterioration and evaporation of the lubricating oil. The calcium soap itself not only does not lubricate it, but also hinders the rolling of the needle roller on the neck of the shaft, and there is no oil discharge measure in the ten word shaft of the universal joint. The grease can not be discharged and the new oil is hard to be injected, thus greatly accelerating the wear of the needle roller bearing of the universal joint cross shaft.

根据这样的特点，有关专家建议采用齿轮油润滑。这既是把十字万向轴清洗干净，再加入齿轮油。经过对比实验，万向十字轴的使用寿命是使用普通黄油进行润滑的两到三倍。国内也有车队采用这样的方式润滑万向十字轴进行比较，效果是非常明显的。

According to this characteristic, the experts suggest using gear oil lubrication. This is to clean the cross cardan shaft and add gear oil. Through contrast experiments, the service life of universal crosshafts is two to three times that of ordinary butter. There are also teams in China who use this way to lubricate the universal cross shaft for comparison. The effect is very obvious.

由于采用齿轮油润要专门的加压注油工具，而同时在第一次需把其卸下清洗。比较麻烦，还有齿轮油的的保存性能不如润滑脂，其润滑周期需要缩短。因此对于切车的后传动轴上的万向十字轴应采用2#极压复合锂基润滑脂。这是基于这样两点。第一，其流动性较好，这样便于使其到达润滑部位。第二，抗极压性好，这是适合万向十字轴的工作状态。而实际上，切车有关维修资料上就要求是用2#极压润滑脂润滑（型号为NLGI2）。而采用2#极压复合锂基润滑脂应该有更好的效果。我们没有作过实验，建议有旧的万向十字轴的DX可以试验一下。如2#粘度仍偏大，可换用1#。而极压复合锂基润滑脂并不贵，我们在麦德隆超市买过一罐韩国产的壳牌极压锂基润滑脂（800克），也就二十元左右。可以用许久。

Due to the use of gear oil lubrication special pressure oil filling tool, and at the same time in the first need to remove it. More troublesome, and gear oil preservation performance is not as good as lubricating grease, its lubrication cycle needs to be shortened. Therefore, the 2# extreme pressure compound lithium grease should be used for the universal crosshair on the rear drive shaft of the car. This is based on the two points. First, its mobility is good, so that it is easy to reach the lubrication part. Second, anti extreme pressure is good, this is suitable for the work of universal crosshair. In fact, cutting service information is required to be lubricated by 2# extreme pressure grease (NLGI2). The use of 2# extreme pressure composite lithium grease should have a better effect. We have not done any experiments. It is suggested that DX with the old universal cross shaft be tested. If the viscosity of 2# is still large, it can be replaced by 1#. And extreme pressure compound lithium base grease is not expensive, we bought a can of South Korean Shell extremely pressure lithium base grease (800 grams), also about twenty yuan. It can be used for a long time.

另：在切车另外的一些部位建议也采用2#极压复合锂基润滑脂。其中最为典型的就是转向拉杆球头的润滑。切车的转向拉杆球头是易损件之一。我们的A6A现在才三万公里，在启动后低速倒车转向时便出现了响声，这除了与北京吉普的配套厂生产的质量有关，不过我们感觉到最大的因素是没有正确是用润滑脂。我们是非常勤快，总是按时打黄油。但是由于这个部位结构的特殊性，用普通黄油肯定会影响其使用寿命。这是一个应该使用极压润滑脂的地方。所以，同样强烈建议使用2#极压复合锂基润滑脂润滑。

In addition, 2# extreme pressure compound lithium grease is also recommended for other parts of the car. The most typical one is the lubrication of the steering rod ball. The turning rod ball of the cutting car is one of the vulnerable parts. Our A6A is now thirty thousand kilometers, and when we start the low speed reversing turn, there is a sound, which is related to the quality of the Beijing jeep's supporting plant, but we feel that the biggest factor is that the grease is not used correctly. We are very diligent and always buttered on time. However, due to the special structure of this part, the use of ordinary butter will definitely affect its service life. This is a place where extreme pressure grease should be used. Therefore, it is also strongly recommended that 2# extreme pressure compound lithium grease be lubricated.