汽车十字万向节的润滑

Lubrication of automobile cross universal joint

在汽车维修行业维修人员是广泛使用普通黄油来润滑十字万向节。根据有关技术人员的研究这是一种错误的做法。

In the automobile maintenance industry, maintenance personnel are widely used ordinary butter to lubricate the cross joint. According to the research of the relevant technicians, this is a wrong way.

其具体如下因素：

The following are the specific factors:

1、十字万向节的结构因素

1, the structural factors of the cross universal joint.

从该油嘴处用黄油枪是很难将黄油加注到滚针轴承上的。众所周知，黄油的粘度大，当用黄油枪从该油嘴向万向节十字轴滚针轴承内腔加注黄油时，黄油进入狭窄内腔油道时阻力加大，黄油压力升高顶开油嘴对面的减压阀而溢出。这个现象还会被驾驶员和修理人员误认为已经加满了黄油。而实际上黄油根本就没进入滚针之间。

It is difficult to pour butter onto needle roller bearings from grease gun. It is well known that the viscosity of butter is high, when the butter gun from the nozzle to the cardan cross-shaft needle roller bearing chamber filling butter, butter into the narrow chamber when the resistance increases, butter pressure rises to open the pressure relief valve opposite the nozzle and overflow. This phenomenon is also mistaken for drivers and repairmen to have been filled with butter. In fact, butter did not enter the needle at all.

2、黄油本身的理化成份因素

2. The physicochemical factors of butter itself

有汽车维修人员把熔化的黄油注入十字万向节或而使其到达所规定的润滑部位。但由于黄油本身的特性也使该处达不到有效润滑。这是由于普通黄油的特性而导致的。其具体如下

A car repairman injects melted butter into the joint or causes it to reach the required lubrication. However, due to the characteristics of the butter itself, it can not achieve effective lubrication. This is due to the characteristics of ordinary butter. The details are as follows

①、万向节在工作中要承受很大的扭力和交变载荷，而钙基润滑脂的油膜坚韧程度较差，在轴承与轴颈的摩擦表面难以形成良好的油膜。

(1) The cardan joints have to bear great torque and alternating load in operation, but the oil film of calcium-based grease is not tough enough to form a good oil film on the friction surface between bearing and journal.

②、万向节十字轴的滚针轴承在工作中只能原地转动，不能沿钢碗和十字轴颈旋转，而钙基润滑脂的滚动性很差，所以当油膜被破坏后不能立即形成新的油膜。

(2) The needle roller bearings of the cross shaft of the universal joint can only rotate in situ, and can not rotate along the steel bowl and the cross journal, but the rolling property of the calcium-based grease is very poor, so when the oil film is destroyed, it can not form a new oil film immediately.

③、钙基润滑脂是由滑油和钙皂混合而成的，在使用中由于润滑油的变质和蒸发，使滑脂变成了较硬的钙皂，钙皂本身不但不能起到润滑作用，而且还阻碍了滚针在轴颈上的滚动，加上万向节十字轴中又没有排油措施，变了质的润滑脂既不能排出，新油又很难注入，因而大大加速了万向节十字轴滚针轴承的磨损。

(3) Calcium-based grease is a mixture of lubricating oil and calcium soap. In use, because of the deterioration and evaporation of lubricating oil, the grease becomes a harder calcium soap. Calcium soap itself can not play a lubricating role, but also hinder the needle rolling on the journal. In addition, there is no oil drainage measure in the universal joint cross shaft, deteriorating. The grease can not be discharged, and it is difficult to inject new oil, thus greatly accelerating the wear and tear of the cardan joint cross shaft needle roller bearing.