传动轴各种异响的原因与诊断排除

Causes and diagnosis of various abnormal sound of transmission shaft

一、观察故障现象

1. Observation of the failure phenomenon

1、汽车起步时或行驶中变速换挡时传动轴都有撞击声出现，尤其是在高速挡位上作低速行驶时响声更加明显。

1, when the vehicle starts or changes gears in running, there will be a crash sound on the transmission shaft, especially when driving at low speed on the high speed gear.

2、汽车起步时传动轴无异响，而汽车行驶时传动轴有撞击声响。

2. When the car starts, the transmission shaft is no different, while the driving shaft has impact when the car is running.

3、汽车起步时传动轴无异响，而汽车滑行时传动轴有异响。

3. When the car starts, the transmission shaft is no different, but when the car is sliding, the transmission shaft has abnormal noise.

4、汽车在整个行驶过程中声响不断。

4, the car has a sound sound during the whole course of the drive.

二、分析故障原因

Two. Analysis of the cause of the failure

1、传动轴各凸缘连接处(或连接螺栓)松动，引起异响。

1. The flange connection (or connecting bolts) of the transmission shaft is loose, causing abnormal noise.

2、各处润滑脂嘴(俗称黄油嘴)、十字轴油道堵塞而注不进润滑脂、未按期加注润滑脂、十字轴油封损坏而漏油等原因，造成十字轴滚针轴承在长期缺少润滑油的条件下工作，使十字轴颈、滚针和套筒磨损过大，形成松旷而引起异响。

2, all parts of the grease mouth (commonly known as butter mouth), cross shaft oil channel blockage and ininjection of grease, unscheduled injection of grease, cross shaft oil seal damage and oil leakage, cause the cross shaft needle roller bearing to work under the long-term lack of lubricating oil, so that the wear of the cross axle neck, roller and sleeve is too large to form loose and open. Abnormal sound.

3、万向十字轴装配过紧。

3, the universal cross shaft is tightly assembled.

4、套筒与万向节叉孔配合松旷、支承片螺栓松脱导致套筒转动，使万向节叉孔磨损过大，松旷而引起异响。

4, the sleeve and the universal joint fork hole loose and loose, the supporting piece bolt loosening causes the sleeve to rotate, causes the universal joint fork hole to wear too big, loose and causes abnormal sound.

5、变速器第二轴花键与凸缘内花键磨损过大，形成松旷而引起异响。

5, the transmission second axis spline and flange internal spline wear too large, forming loose and causing abnormal noise.

6、传动轴中间支承支架固定螺栓松动，中间支承与中间传动轴轴颈配合松旷，中间传动轴后端花键与凸缘键槽配合松旷以及后端螺母松动。

6, the middle support bracket of the transmission shaft is loosened, the middle support and the middle shaft neck are loose and loose, and the back end of the middle drive shaft is loose with the flange key slot and the back end nut is loose.

7、传动轴中间支承轴承散架、轴承滚道损伤、轴承润滑不良，磨损过量而松旷。

7, the middle bearing bearing of the drive shaft is loose, the bearing raceway is damaged, the bearing lubrication is not good, and the wear is excessive and loose.

8、传动轴中间支承支架安装位置偏斜、轴承预紧度调整不当、橡胶垫环隔套损坏，中间支承支架固定螺栓拧紧扭力过大或过小而引起支架位置的偏斜等原因，而引起异响。

8. The position deviation of the middle support bracket, the improper adjustment of the bearing pre tightness, the damage of the rubber cushion ring, and the excessive or too small torque of the support support bolt, which cause the deviation of the position of the support, and cause the abnormal sound.

9、传动轴两端的万向节叉不处于同一平面，使等速排列遭到破坏而引起异响。

9, the universal joint fork at both ends of the transmission shaft is not in the same plane, causing the isokinetic arrangement to be destroyed and cause abnormal noise.

三、诊断与排除故障

Three, diagnosis and troubleshooting

1、汽车行驶中突然改变速度，传动轴出现一种金属敲声，则可说明个别凸缘或万向节十字轴轴承磨损过大而松旷，引起传动轴异响。

1, a sudden change in the speed of the car, a metal knocking in the drive shaft, can indicate that the wear of the individual flange or the universal joint is too large and loose and causes the abnormal sound of the transmission shaft.

2、汽车起步时传动轴出现“刚噹”一声或响声杂乱。汽车在缓坡上向后倒车时，发出“格叭”的断续响声，则可说明是滚针折断或碎裂，应更换滚针轴承。汽修资源QQ:451820749空间日记大量免费汽修资料，维修手册，电路图，疑难杂症等.空间日记资料每天定时更新。汽修资源出售各种汽修图书和电子版汽修资料。购买资料的朋友请看QQ空间相册选购。微信公众号：qxzydzb 。电话：17001102331 微信号：wupeng665188

2, when the car starts, the transmission shaft appears "just" or noisy. When the car reversing backward on the gentle slope, the intermittent sound of "lattice buck" is issued. It can be explained that the needle is broken or broken, and needle roller bearings should be replaced. Auto repair resources QQ:451820749 space diary, a lot of free car repair information, maintenance manuals, circuit diagrams, difficult diseases and so on. Space diary information updated regularly every day. Auto repair resources sell all kinds of automobile repair books and electronic version of vehicle repair information. To buy information, please see the QQ space album. WeChat public number: qxzydzb. Telephone: 17001102331 micro signal: wupeng665188

3、汽车起步或变速换挡时，传动轴有明显金属撞击声，而低速挡比高速挡更加明显，多为中间支承内圈与轴过盈配合减小而松旷引起异响。

3. When the car starts or shift gear shift, the drive shaft has obvious metal impact sound, and the low speed gear is more obvious than the high speed gear.

4、汽车起步或行驶中，传动轴始终有明显“喀啦”异响，并伴有振动，则说明中间支承支架固定螺栓松动而引起异响。

4. In the start or driving of a car, the driving shaft has a distinct "Kali" abnormal sound, accompanied by vibration, which indicates that the fixed bolt of the support bracket is loose and causes abnormal noise.

5、汽车低速行驶时传动轴出现清脆而有节奏的金属撞击声，汽车脱挡滑行时存在清晰声响。多系万向节轴承壳压紧力过大，使轴承不能灵活转动。

5. When the car is running at low speed, there is a crisp and rhythmic metal impact sound on the transmission shaft. The bearing capacity of the multi joint universal joint bearing is too high, so that the bearing can not be flexibly rotated.

6、汽车行驶时传动轴声响随车速增加而增大，中间支承轴承发出沉闷而连续的混浊声响，则说明中间支承轴承因磨损过大而散架。

6. The sound of the transmission shaft increases with the speed of car, and the bearing of the middle support sends out the dull and continuous turbid sound, which indicates that the bearing of the intermediate bearing is scattered because of the excessive wear.

汽车行驶中传动轴发出连续的“呜……”声，首先检查中间支承轴承支架橡胶垫环隔套紧固螺栓是否过紧或过松(没有按规定的扭紧力矩要求)，使轴承支架位置发生偏斜。可调整轴承盖螺栓的松紧度来排除异响故障，若调整轴承预紧度后仍有响声，则应检查轴承的润滑状况，如果轴承润滑不良，应拆验清洗轴承，并加注润滑脂后装复轴承及支架。

The drive shaft of a car is emitting a continuous "whoa...". Sound, first check whether the fastening bolts of the rubber cushion ring of the bearing bracket of the middle bearing support are too tight or too loose (without the required torque requirements), so that the position of the bearing support is skewed. The tightness of the bearing cover bolts can be adjusted to eliminate the abnormal sound failure. If there is still sound after the adjustment of the bearing pretension, the lubrication condition of the bearing should be checked. If the bearing is not lubricated, the cleaning bearing should be removed and the grease bearing and the support are added after the grease is added.

7、汽车行驶中，传动轴声响杂乱无规则，时而出现金属撞击声，则说明传动轴两端的万向节叉不处在同一平面内，使等速排列遭到破坏。

7. During the driving of a car, the sound of the transmission shaft is irregular and irregular, and when the sound of metal impact occurs, it is indicated that the cardan fork at both ends of the transmission shaft is not in the same plane, so that the constant speed arrangement is destroyed.

8、汽车高速行驶时传动轴有异响，脱挡滑行时传动轴异响依然存在，多系中间支承轴承滚道损伤，或中间支承轴承支架安装位置发生偏移。

8. The transmission shaft has abnormal sound when the car is running at high speed. The transmission shaft still exists when the gear is off and sliding. The multi system middle bearing bearing raceway is damaged, or the installation position of the intermediate bearing support bracket is offset.

9、为了进一步验证以上诊断的正确性，可在停车时检视并用手晃动传动轴各部，察看其安装位置是否正确，机件表面有无伤痕，紧固连接是否松动，配合间隙是否过松或过紧。

9. In order to further verify the correctness of the above diagnosis, it can be inspected and wobble in every part of the transmission shaft in the parking lot to see if the installation position is correct, there is no scar on the surface of the machine parts, the fastening connection is loose, and the clearance is too loose or too tight.

a、停车后松开驻车制动器，用手上下推动万向节，如有松旷，则说明十字轴滚针轴承松旷。

A, after parking, release the parking brake and push the universal joint with the upper and lower hands. If there is loose and loose, it indicates that the needle roller bearing of the cross shaft is loose.

b、用手来回晃动驻车制动盘，如有松旷，则说明变速器第二轴花键松旷。

B, sway the parking brake disc back and forth with your hands. If loose, it indicates that the second axis spline of the transmission is loose.

c、将驻车制动器拉紧，用手来回晃动中间传动轴后凸缘，如有松旷，则说明中间传动轴花键轴键齿松旷。

C, tighten the parking brake, shake the rear flange of the intermediate drive shaft back and forth with your hands, if loose, it indicates that the key shaft of the middle drive shaft is loose.

d、用手前后拉动中间传动轴凸缘，如有松旷，则说明中间传动轴后端螺母松动。

D, pull the middle drive shaft flange before and after hand, if loose, it indicates that the rear axle nut of the middle drive shaft is loose.

10、汽车行驶中，若制动减速时传动轴出现沉重的金属敲击声，则说明后钢板弹簧骑马螺母松动。

10, when the car is running, if there is a heavy metal knocking on the transmission shaft when the brake deceleration, it indicates that the leaf spring of the rear leaf spring is loose.