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三分钟彻底搞懂万向节，想懂不？
万向节轴承分类 万向节轴承的种类有哪些
What kinds of bearings of universal joint bearings are classified
万向节轴承定义
Definition of universal joint bearing
所谓万向节轴承，指的是利用球型连接实现不同轴的动力传送的机械结构，是汽车上轴承一个很重要的部件。而前置发动机前轮驱动的车辆省略了传动轴，万向节安装在既负责驱动又负责转向的前桥半轴与车轮之间。在前置发动机后轮驱动的车辆上，万向节传动装置安装在变速器输出轴与驱动桥主减速器输入轴之间。万向节与传动轴组合，称为万向节传动装置。
The so-called universal joint bearing refers to the mechanical structure that uses the ball type connection to realize the dynamic transmission of different axes. It is an important part of the bearing of the automobile. The front wheel driven vehicle of the front engine saves the drive shaft, and the universal joint is installed between the half axle and the wheel of the front axle, which is responsible for the driving and the steering. On the rear wheel driven vehicle of the front engine, the universal joint drive is installed between the transmission output shaft and the drive axle main reducer input shaft. The combination of the universal joint and the drive shaft is called the universal joint drive.
万向节到底是怎么完成变角度动力传输的？
How does the universal joint finish the variable angle power transmission in the end?
万向节与传动轴组合，称为万向节传动装置。 在前置发动机后轮驱动的车辆上，万向节传动装置安装在变速器输出轴与驱动桥主减速器输入轴之间；
The combination of the universal joint and the drive shaft is called the universal joint drive. On the rear wheel driven vehicle of the front engine, the universal joint drive is installed between the transmission output shaft and the driving axle's main reducer input shaft.
而前置发动机前轮驱动的车辆省略了传动轴，万向节安装在既负责驱动又负责转向的前桥半轴与车轮之间。
The front wheel driven vehicle of the front engine saves the drive shaft, and the universal joint is installed between the half axle and the wheel of the front axle, which is responsible for the driving and the steering.
为方便理解，以最常用的十字万向节为例，通过一段精彩的动画展示，清楚说明万向节的工作原理 ↓↓
For convenience, the cardan joint is most commonly used as an example, through a wonderful animation display, clearly illustrate the working principle of universal joint down down
万向传动装置的组成
The composition of universal transmission
万向节的结构和作用有点像人体四肢上的关节，它允许被连接的零件之间的夹角在一定范围内变化
The structure and function of the universal joint is a bit like the joint on the body's limbs, which allows the angle between the connected parts to change in a certain range.
万向节有两大分类，根据在扭转方向上是否有明显弹性分为刚性万向节和挠万向节
There are two major categories of the universal joints, which are divided into rigid Cardan and universal joints according to the apparent elasticity in the torsional direction.
万向节轴承的分类
The classification of the bearing of the universal joint
准等速万向节和等速万向推力球轴承节
Quasi constant velocity universal joint and constant velocity universal thrust ball bearing joint
常见的准等速万向节有双联式和三销轴式两种，它们的工作原理与双十字轴式万向节实现等速传动的原理是一样的。双联式万向节实际上是一套将传动轴长度减缩至最小的双十轴承字轴式万向节等速传动装置，双联叉相当于传动轴及两端处在同一平面上的万向节叉。在当输出轴与输型号查询入轴的交角较小时，能使两轴角速度接近相等，处在圆弧上的两轴轴线交点离上述中垂线很近，使得α调心滚子轴承1与α2的差很小，所以称双联式万向节为准等速万向节。
The common quasi constant speed universal joint has two kinds of double and three pin shaft, and their working principle is the same as that of the double cross shaft universal joint to achieve the same speed transmission. Double cardan joint is actually a set of drive shaft length reduced to the minimum of ten words bearing shaft type universal joint drive device, double fork equivalent shaft and ends in the same plane of the universal joint fork. When the output shaft and the transmission shaft into the query model angle is small, the axis angular velocity close to equal, in two axes on the arc is close to the perpendicular bisector, makes a spherical roller bearing 1 and alpha 2 the difference is very small, so called Double cardan joint for constant velocity universal joint.
等速万向节
Constant velocity universal joint
缺点：压力装配，钢球与曲面凹槽单位压力大，拆装不方便，磨损快。只有两个钢球传力，反转时，另两个钢球传力。
Shortcomings: pressure assembly, steel ball and surface grooves large unit pressure, disassembly is not convenient, wear fast. Only two steel balls have a force that reverses, and the other two balls force.
球笼式万向节的结构。六个钢球6分别装在由六组内外滚道所对出的空间里，并被保持架4限定在同一个平面内。动力由直线运动轴承主动轴1(及星形套.经钢球6传到球形壳8输出。星形套以内花键与主动轴相连，其外表面有六直线轴承条弧形凹槽，形成内滚道。球形壳8的内表面有相应的六条弧形凹槽，形成外滚道。基本特种轴承原理.从结构上保证万向节在工作过程中，其传力点永远位于两轴交点的平面上。球叉式推力滚子轴承万向节.球笼式万向节优点.结构简单，允许最大交角32&。~33&。
The structure of Rzeppa universal joint. The six steel ball 6 is installed in the space separated by the six groups of inner and outer raceways, and is limited to the same plane by the cage 4. The power is driven by a straight line bearing active shaft 1 (and a star sleeve, passing through a steel ball 6 to a spherical shell 8 output. The spline is connected with the active axis, and the outer surface has six straight bearing strip curved grooves, forming the inner raceway. The inner surface of the spherical shell 8 has six curved grooves, forming the outer raceway. The basic principle of universal joint guarantee special bearing. In the working process of the structure, the plane of the transfer point on the axis is located in the intersection of forever. The ball type universal joint fork thrust roller bearings. Rzeppaconstantvelocity joint. The advantages of simple structure, the maximum permissible angle 32&. ~33&.
球笼式万向节
Rzeppa universal joint
优点：两轴最大交角为42&am类型。，工作时无论传动方向，六个钢球全部传力。与球叉式万向节相比，结构紧凑，承载能力强，拆装方便。
Two advantages: maximum angle of type 42&am. At work, no matter the direction of transmission, the six steel balls all transmit force. Compared with the ball fork type universal joint, the structure is compact, the bearing capacity is strong, and the disassembly and disassembly are convenient.
球叉式万向节
Ball fork cardan joint
内外滚道采用圆桶形，滑动阻力小，省转盘轴承去传动装置中的滑动花键，则变成伸缩型球笼式万向节，适用断开式驱动桥。目前轿车上轴承常用的等速万向节为球笼式万向节，也有采用球叉式万向节或自由三枢轴万向节的。
The cylindrical internal and external raceway, the sliding resistance is small, the province to the slewing bearing sliding spline transmission device, a telescopic universal joint, applicable to drive off the bridge. The car bearings used in the constant velocity universal joint for rzeppaconstantvelocity joint, but also the use of ball fork universal joint or free three pivot joint.
三销轴式万向轴承节
Three pin shaft type universal bearing joint
优点：允许相邻两轴有较大的交角，最大达45&。，在转向驱动桥中可使汽型号查询车获得较小的转弯半径，提高汽车机动性。缺点：所占空间较大。由双联式万向节演变而来。
There are two advantages: allowing the adjacent large angle, the maximum 45&. In the steering drive bridge, the car can get a smaller turning radius and improve the mobility of the car. Shortcomings: the space is larger. It is evolved from a double universal joint.
挠性万向节
Flexible universal joint
挠性万向节是依靠弹性件的弹调心滚子轴承性变形来保证两轴间传动时不发生机械干涉。优点：消除制造安装误差和车架变形对传动进口轴承网的影响。吸收冲击，衰减扭转振动。结构简单无须润滑。一般用于两轴夹角不大于3&。和微量轴向位移的万向传动场合。
Flexible universal joint is to rely on the elastic piece elastic deformation of roller bearings to ensure transmission between two shafts without mechanical interference. Advantages: eliminate the influence of manufacturing and installation error and frame deformation on the transmission inlet bearing network. It absorbs the impact and attenuates the torsional vibration. The structure is simple without lubrication. Generally, the angle of the two axis is not more than 3&. And the universal transmission of micro axial displacement.
不等轴承座速万向节
Unequal bearing seat speed universal joint
10字轴式刚性万向节为汽车上广泛使用的不等速万向节，允许相邻两轴的最大深沟球轴承交角为15゜～20゜。这样当主动轴转动时，又可绕十字轴中心在任意方向摆动，从动轴既可随之转带座外球面轴承动，这样就适应了夹角和距离同时变化的需要。两万向节叉和上的孔分别套在十字轴2的两对轴颈轴承上。在十字轴轴颈和万向节叉孔间装有滚针，滚针轴承外圈靠卡环轴向定位。润滑油可从注油嘴注到单向轴承十字轴轴颈的滚针处。十字轴式万向节由一个十字轴，两个万向节叉和四个滚针等组成。为了润滑，十字轴上一般安有注油嘴并有油路通向轴颈。10字轴式刚性万向节具有结构简圆锥滚子轴承单，传动效率高的优点，但在两轴夹角α不为零的情况下，不能传递等角速转动。
10 axis rigid joints is widely used on the car without constant speed universal joint, the largest deep groove ball bearing allows for two adjacent angle 15 ~ 20 Eve joy Eve joy. When the driving shaft rotates, and can rotate around the cross shaft center swing in any direction, the driven shaft can be rotated with spherical bearings, so you need to adapt to the changes of angle and distance at the same time. The twenty thousand fork and upper holes are set on the two pair of the journal bearings of the cross shaft 2. The needle roller is arranged between the cross axle neck and the fork hole of the universal joint, and the outer ring of the needle bearing is positioned by the ring. The lubricating oil can be injected from the injecting nozzle to the needle roller of the unidirectional bearing cross axle neck. The cross shaft joint is composed of a cross shaft, two cardan fork and four needle roller. In order to lubricate, the oil injecting nozzle is usually installed on the cross shaft and the oil path leads to the neck of the shaft. The 10 axle shaft type rigid universal joint has the advantages of simple structure, tapered roller bearing and high transmission efficiency, but it can not transmit equal angular speed when two axis angles are not zero.
双厂联式万向节
Double factory joint universal joint
原理：根
Principle: root
What kinds of bearings of universal joint bearings are classified
万向节轴承定义
Definition of universal joint bearing
所谓万向节轴承，指的是利用球型连接实现不同轴的动力传送的机械结构，是汽车上轴承一个很重要的部件。而前置发动机前轮驱动的车辆省略了传动轴，万向节安装在既负责驱动又负责转向的前桥半轴与车轮之间。在前置发动机后轮驱动的车辆上，万向节传动装置安装在变速器输出轴与驱动桥主减速器输入轴之间。万向节与传动轴组合，称为万向节传动装置。
The so-called universal joint bearing refers to the mechanical structure that uses the ball type connection to realize the dynamic transmission of different axes. It is an important part of the bearing of the automobile. The front wheel driven vehicle of the front engine saves the drive shaft, and the universal joint is installed between the half axle and the wheel of the front axle, which is responsible for the driving and the steering. On the rear wheel driven vehicle of the front engine, the universal joint drive is installed between the transmission output shaft and the drive axle main reducer input shaft. The combination of the universal joint and the drive shaft is called the universal joint drive.
万向节到底是怎么完成变角度动力传输的？
How does the universal joint finish the variable angle power transmission in the end?
万向节与传动轴组合，称为万向节传动装置。 在前置发动机后轮驱动的车辆上，万向节传动装置安装在变速器输出轴与驱动桥主减速器输入轴之间；
The combination of the universal joint and the drive shaft is called the universal joint drive. On the rear wheel driven vehicle of the front engine, the universal joint drive is installed between the transmission output shaft and the driving axle's main reducer input shaft.
而前置发动机前轮驱动的车辆省略了传动轴，万向节安装在既负责驱动又负责转向的前桥半轴与车轮之间。
The front wheel driven vehicle of the front engine saves the drive shaft, and the universal joint is installed between the half axle and the wheel of the front axle, which is responsible for the driving and the steering.
为方便理解，以最常用的十字万向节为例，通过一段精彩的动画展示，清楚说明万向节的工作原理 ↓↓
For convenience, the cardan joint is most commonly used as an example, through a wonderful animation display, clearly illustrate the working principle of universal joint down down
万向传动装置的组成
The composition of universal transmission
万向节的结构和作用有点像人体四肢上的关节，它允许被连接的零件之间的夹角在一定范围内变化
The structure and function of the universal joint is a bit like the joint on the body's limbs, which allows the angle between the connected parts to change in a certain range.
万向节有两大分类，根据在扭转方向上是否有明显弹性分为刚性万向节和挠万向节
There are two major categories of the universal joints, which are divided into rigid Cardan and universal joints according to the apparent elasticity in the torsional direction.
万向节轴承的分类
The classification of the bearing of the universal joint
准等速万向节和等速万向推力球轴承节
Quasi constant velocity universal joint and constant velocity universal thrust ball bearing joint
常见的准等速万向节有双联式和三销轴式两种，它们的工作原理与双十字轴式万向节实现等速传动的原理是一样的。双联式万向节实际上是一套将传动轴长度减缩至最小的双十轴承字轴式万向节等速传动装置，双联叉相当于传动轴及两端处在同一平面上的万向节叉。在当输出轴与输型号查询入轴的交角较小时，能使两轴角速度接近相等，处在圆弧上的两轴轴线交点离上述中垂线很近，使得α调心滚子轴承1与α2的差很小，所以称双联式万向节为准等速万向节。
The common quasi constant speed universal joint has two kinds of double and three pin shaft, and their working principle is the same as that of the double cross shaft universal joint to achieve the same speed transmission. Double cardan joint is actually a set of drive shaft length reduced to the minimum of ten words bearing shaft type universal joint drive device, double fork equivalent shaft and ends in the same plane of the universal joint fork. When the output shaft and the transmission shaft into the query model angle is small, the axis angular velocity close to equal, in two axes on the arc is close to the perpendicular bisector, makes a spherical roller bearing 1 and alpha 2 the difference is very small, so called Double cardan joint for constant velocity universal joint.
等速万向节
Constant velocity universal joint
缺点：压力装配，钢球与曲面凹槽单位压力大，拆装不方便，磨损快。只有两个钢球传力，反转时，另两个钢球传力。
Shortcomings: pressure assembly, steel ball and surface grooves large unit pressure, disassembly is not convenient, wear fast. Only two steel balls have a force that reverses, and the other two balls force.
球笼式万向节的结构。六个钢球6分别装在由六组内外滚道所对出的空间里，并被保持架4限定在同一个平面内。动力由直线运动轴承主动轴1(及星形套.经钢球6传到球形壳8输出。星形套以内花键与主动轴相连，其外表面有六直线轴承条弧形凹槽，形成内滚道。球形壳8的内表面有相应的六条弧形凹槽，形成外滚道。基本特种轴承原理.从结构上保证万向节在工作过程中，其传力点永远位于两轴交点的平面上。球叉式推力滚子轴承万向节.球笼式万向节优点.结构简单，允许最大交角32&。~33&。
The structure of Rzeppa universal joint. The six steel ball 6 is installed in the space separated by the six groups of inner and outer raceways, and is limited to the same plane by the cage 4. The power is driven by a straight line bearing active shaft 1 (and a star sleeve, passing through a steel ball 6 to a spherical shell 8 output. The spline is connected with the active axis, and the outer surface has six straight bearing strip curved grooves, forming the inner raceway. The inner surface of the spherical shell 8 has six curved grooves, forming the outer raceway. The basic principle of universal joint guarantee special bearing. In the working process of the structure, the plane of the transfer point on the axis is located in the intersection of forever. The ball type universal joint fork thrust roller bearings. Rzeppaconstantvelocity joint. The advantages of simple structure, the maximum permissible angle 32&. ~33&.
球笼式万向节
Rzeppa universal joint
优点：两轴最大交角为42&am类型。，工作时无论传动方向，六个钢球全部传力。与球叉式万向节相比，结构紧凑，承载能力强，拆装方便。
Two advantages: maximum angle of type 42&am. At work, no matter the direction of transmission, the six steel balls all transmit force. Compared with the ball fork type universal joint, the structure is compact, the bearing capacity is strong, and the disassembly and disassembly are convenient.
球叉式万向节
Ball fork cardan joint
内外滚道采用圆桶形，滑动阻力小，省转盘轴承去传动装置中的滑动花键，则变成伸缩型球笼式万向节，适用断开式驱动桥。目前轿车上轴承常用的等速万向节为球笼式万向节，也有采用球叉式万向节或自由三枢轴万向节的。
The cylindrical internal and external raceway, the sliding resistance is small, the province to the slewing bearing sliding spline transmission device, a telescopic universal joint, applicable to drive off the bridge. The car bearings used in the constant velocity universal joint for rzeppaconstantvelocity joint, but also the use of ball fork universal joint or free three pivot joint.
三销轴式万向轴承节
Three pin shaft type universal bearing joint
优点：允许相邻两轴有较大的交角，最大达45&。，在转向驱动桥中可使汽型号查询车获得较小的转弯半径，提高汽车机动性。缺点：所占空间较大。由双联式万向节演变而来。
There are two advantages: allowing the adjacent large angle, the maximum 45&. In the steering drive bridge, the car can get a smaller turning radius and improve the mobility of the car. Shortcomings: the space is larger. It is evolved from a double universal joint.
挠性万向节
Flexible universal joint
挠性万向节是依靠弹性件的弹调心滚子轴承性变形来保证两轴间传动时不发生机械干涉。优点：消除制造安装误差和车架变形对传动进口轴承网的影响。吸收冲击，衰减扭转振动。结构简单无须润滑。一般用于两轴夹角不大于3&。和微量轴向位移的万向传动场合。
Flexible universal joint is to rely on the elastic piece elastic deformation of roller bearings to ensure transmission between two shafts without mechanical interference. Advantages: eliminate the influence of manufacturing and installation error and frame deformation on the transmission inlet bearing network. It absorbs the impact and attenuates the torsional vibration. The structure is simple without lubrication. Generally, the angle of the two axis is not more than 3&. And the universal transmission of micro axial displacement.
不等轴承座速万向节
Unequal bearing seat speed universal joint
10字轴式刚性万向节为汽车上广泛使用的不等速万向节，允许相邻两轴的最大深沟球轴承交角为15゜～20゜。这样当主动轴转动时，又可绕十字轴中心在任意方向摆动，从动轴既可随之转带座外球面轴承动，这样就适应了夹角和距离同时变化的需要。两万向节叉和上的孔分别套在十字轴2的两对轴颈轴承上。在十字轴轴颈和万向节叉孔间装有滚针，滚针轴承外圈靠卡环轴向定位。润滑油可从注油嘴注到单向轴承十字轴轴颈的滚针处。十字轴式万向节由一个十字轴，两个万向节叉和四个滚针等组成。为了润滑，十字轴上一般安有注油嘴并有油路通向轴颈。10字轴式刚性万向节具有结构简圆锥滚子轴承单，传动效率高的优点，但在两轴夹角α不为零的情况下，不能传递等角速转动。
10 axis rigid joints is widely used on the car without constant speed universal joint, the largest deep groove ball bearing allows for two adjacent angle 15 ~ 20 Eve joy Eve joy. When the driving shaft rotates, and can rotate around the cross shaft center swing in any direction, the driven shaft can be rotated with spherical bearings, so you need to adapt to the changes of angle and distance at the same time. The twenty thousand fork and upper holes are set on the two pair of the journal bearings of the cross shaft 2. The needle roller is arranged between the cross axle neck and the fork hole of the universal joint, and the outer ring of the needle bearing is positioned by the ring. The lubricating oil can be injected from the injecting nozzle to the needle roller of the unidirectional bearing cross axle neck. The cross shaft joint is composed of a cross shaft, two cardan fork and four needle roller. In order to lubricate, the oil injecting nozzle is usually installed on the cross shaft and the oil path leads to the neck of the shaft. The 10 axle shaft type rigid universal joint has the advantages of simple structure, tapered roller bearing and high transmission efficiency, but it can not transmit equal angular speed when two axis angles are not zero.
双厂联式万向节
Double factory joint universal joint
原理：根
Principle: root
